First Peoples, Europeans, Americans, Africans, and Asian people all played a part in the history of Atlantic Canada evolution. No one group was more important than the others.

It is often difficult to determine the settlers' place of origin. Irish settlers often embarked in Scotland. Many of the settlers who sailed from Ulster, in Ireland, were actually of Scottish descent. The French Protestants known as "Huguenots" became British by serving in the British army. During the time of British rule in Atlantic Canada, some people anglicized their names, from French to English. First Peoples assumed French or English surnames.Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, religion was more important than language or nationality. Irish Catholics lived in the French town of Louisbourg. French and German Protestants settled together in Lunenburg. Religion also determined the choice of marriage partner. Acadians often intermarried with Scottish or Irish Catholics.

During the industrial age, people of many different nationalities, languages, and faiths all began living and working together.